Lawren Stewart Harris

Lawren Stewart Harris

The unfading art of Lawren Stewart Harris…

Lawren Harris (1885–1970) is often considered the Group of Seven's organizer and informal leader, and he is widely regarded as Canada's most famous painter, with a continuous interest in his work.

Harris was born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, and came from a wealthy family of harvesting machinery manufacturers. He had the privilege of receiving a diverse education, both in Canada and in Berlin, where he was exposed to new artistic styles such as fauvism, expressionism, and symbolism that emphasized bold colors and unique perspectives.

At the age of 22, Harris returned to Toronto after a journey to the Middle East, full of new impressions. Due to his family's financial stability, he was able to fully dedicate himself to painting. At this point, Harris came across artists who shared his views on art and were also seeking their own paths in the field. They would later form the Group of Seven, but at that time, Harris assisted them by providing an affordable and comfortable place to work.

Six of the Group of Seven, plus their friend Barker Fairley, in 1920.
From left to right: A. Y. Jackson (1882—1974), Frederick Varley (1881—1969), Lawren Harris (1885—1970), Barker Fairley, Frank Johnston (1885—1970), Arthur Lismer (1885—1969) and J. E. H. MacDonald (1873—1932). Franklin Carmichael (1890—1945) is absent.
Taken at The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto.

Lawren Harris and Dr. James MacCallum, who was mentioned in our essay on Tom Thomson, financed the construction of a studio in Toronto. In 1915, Harris renovated a cottage behind this building to create a separate space for Tom Thomson, whose paintings and dedication to art had impressed Harris and inspired him to find his own way in the field.

Tomson_The Pool
Tom Thomson. The Pool, 1915–1916

The Group of Seven was formed in 1920 after Thomson's tragic death. Harris wrote that Thomson was already a part of the group even before it was named, like the other members.

During that period when Harris made his paintings, his admiration for Thomson's artworks and the influence of French Impressionism and Post-Impressionism can be seen. He glorified the beauty of nature and found brightness and vividness in urban scenes.

Houses. Richmond Street
Houses, Richmond Street, 1911

Hurdy Gurdy
Hurdy Gurdy, 1913

In the Ward, Toronto. 1917
In the Ward, Toronto, 1917

Winter Afternoon, City Street, Toronto or Sunday Morning
Winter Afternoon, City Street, Toronto or Sunday Morning, 1918

Toronto House, ca. 1920

A Side Street.1919
A Side Street, 1919–1920

However, Harris' restless spirit of creative constant search that had already taken him from distant Europe to even more distant Palestine, re-awakened again. In 1918-1919, he organized and financed a railway trip for friends to the Algoma area, where they were captivated by the pristine beauty of Canadian nature, inspiring the formation of their future Group.

Lawren Harris is painting. 1920
Lawren Harris is painting, 1920.

When looking at Harris's paintings from that period, one can feel that he was still haunted by the recent tragic loss of Thomson. Nevertheless, this is not an attempt to imitate the style of his late friend but rather a moment of spiritual closeness between two original creators with their unique approaches.

Agawa Canyon, Algoma, 1919
Agawa Canyon, Algoma, 1919

Autumn Algoma.1920
Autumn Algoma, 1920

Algoma Sketch, Autumn.1920
Algoma Sketch, Autumn, 1920

Algoma Country, 1920–1921
Algoma Country, 1920–1921

In the autumn of 1921, Harris visited the shore of Lake Superior, which sparked his imagination and inspired him for a long time...

Icehouse, Coldwell, Lake Superior
Icehouse, Coldwell, Lake Superior, 1923

Harris's use of color had started to evolve during this time. His depictions of water and sky, with their various tones of white, blue, and gray, are stunning in his paintings from those years.

From the North Shore, Lake Superior
From the North Shore, Lake Superior, ca 1927

Above Lake Superior
Above Lake Superior, ca 1922

Lake Superior
Lake Superior, ca 1923

Lake Superior Sketch XIII.1923
Lake Superior Sketch XIII, ca 1923

In 1924, Harris and Jackson journeyed to Jasper National Park located in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. Harris's artwork created during this trip conveys a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur and magnificence of the mountain ranges and peaks.

Lake and Mountains.1928
Lake and Mountains, 1928

Mountains in Snow: Rocky Mountain Paintings VII,1929
Mountains in Snow: Rocky Mountain Paintings VII, ca 1929

Isolation Peak, Rocky Mountains
Isolation Peak, Rocky Mountains, 1930

Mt. Lefroy,
Mt. Lefroy, 1930

Emily CarrIt was during this time that Harris came across Emily Carr, an exceptional painter whose unique artwork was still relatively unknown in eastern Canada. Carr's artistic pursuits fascinated Harris and other members of the Group of Seven.


Emily Carr. The Mountain. 1933
Emily Carr. The Mountain, 1911

Lawren Harris on the SS Beothic, eastern Arctic. 1930

Harris, an adventurous spirit, embarked on a new journey towards the north. In 1930, he traveled to the Arctic on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police supply ship and icebreaker, the S.S. Beothic.

During his two-month trip, Harris created over 50 sketches of future paintings. All of them depicted an eternal icy stillness, symbolizing the greatness of nature that leaves us in awe of its mystic power.

Bylot Island Shore, Arctic Sketch XXXII. Date unknown
Bylot Island Shore, Arctic Sketch XXXII, Date unknown

Grounded Icebergs, 1931
Grounded Icebergs, 1931

North Greenland Coast, Arctic Sketch XXV.1930
North Greenland Coast, Arctic Sketch XXV, 1931

Mount Thule, Bylot island
Mount Thule, Bylot island, 1930

Lawren Harris in his Vancouver studio. 1944

Harris continued exploring, traveling to Hanover (New Hampshire) in 1934 and Santa Fe (New Mexico) in 1938. Eventually, he settled in Vancouver in 1940.

Lawren Harris in his Vancouver studio, 1944

Harris was fascinated by philosophy from a young age, and he studied religious teachings that had philosophical roots as well. His belief that art is the realm of life that lies between the earthly world and the world of the spirit drove him to search for spiritual truth.

He became the only member of the Group of Seven to turn his attention to abstract painting in the mid-1930s, and he did so deliberately.

Sun and Earth
Sun and Earth, 1939

In 1949, he published an Essay on Abstract Painting, and in 1954, A Disquisition on Abstract Painting was sent to press. In this study, he praised abstraction and described it as a "creative adventure in harmony with the highest aspirations and the search for truth, beauty, and expressive evocation and communication in our day."

Untitled, 1951
Untitled, 1951

Abstract Painting #2Autumn Rhythm
Abstract Painting #2, 1939–1941 (left)
Autumn Rhythm, 1957 (right)

However, Lawren Harris, a prominent artist, never stopped admiring earthly beauty, even though his paintings were full of the search for the spirit.

Algoma Lake. 1945-1948
Algoma Lake, 1945–1948

Lawren Harris contributed greatly to the development of Canadian painting and, after the Group of Seven disbanded, Harris and the other surviving members played a significant role in forming its successor – the Canadian Group of Painters. In 1941, Harris founded the Federation of Canadian Artists.

He became the first living Canadian artist to exhibit in the Art Gallery of Toronto in 1948, and in 1969 he received a Medal from the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 1970, Harris was designated as a National Historic Person for his "unique and enduring contribution to the history of Canada".


Sources: Art Gallery of Ontario; The McMichael Canadian Art Collection; The Ottawa Art Gallery; National Gallery of Canada; University of Toronto; Museum London; Art Gallery of Hamilton; Terra Foundation for American Art; WikiArt; Cowley Abbott; Art of Museums; Wikipedia; Royal Canvas; Toronto Life

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